Assessment of changes in overland time of concentration for two opposing urbanization sequences
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چکیده
By considering the urbanization process on an overland plane whereby a relatively rough permeable surface is replaced by a relatively smooth impermeable surface, the effect of urbanization on the time of concentration is assessed. In the assessment, two opposing urbanization sequences are considered: one from downstream to upstream, and the other from upstream to downstream. The assessment is carried out in terms of the individual effect as well as the combined effect of the Manning resistance coefficient and the runoff coefficient. For both urbanization sequences and for all degrees of urbanization, the assessment shows that surface conversion from rough to smooth or from permeable to impermeable causes the time of concentration to be shorter. Urbanization at the upstream end causes the greatest decrease in the time of concentration, and the reduction in surface roughness causes a greater decrease in time of concentration as compared to the reduction in permeability. Depending on the preand post-urbanization land surface conditions, the assessment shows that the time of concentration could decrease to 4-39% of its original value. Moreover, the time of concentration for a plane with urbanization from downstream to upstream could be more than four times longer than that for a plane with urbanization from upstream to downstream. Finally, there is a remarkable resemblance between the results of this study with those obtained from drainage basins in earlier studies, and it appears that the results from earlier studies are only applicable for the upstream to downstream urbanization sequence. Evaluation de la modification du temps de concentration pour deux scénarios d'urbanisation Résumé Nous avons étudié les effets de l'urbanisation sur le temps de concentration d'une étendue plane où une surface imperméable relativement lisse se substitue à une surface perméable relativement rugueuse. Deux scénarios d'urbanisation contrastés ont été considérés : l'un allant de l'aval vers l'amont, l'autre de l'amont vers l'aval. L'évaluation a porté aussi bien sur les processus élémentaires que sur l'effet combiné du coefficient de résistance de Manning et du coefficient de ruissellement. Pour les deux scénarios d'urbanisation et pour tous les niveaux d'urbanisation, l'évaluation montre que la substitution d'une surface lisse à une surface rugueuse ou d'une surface imperméable à une surface perméable entraine une diminution du temps de concentration. L'urbanisation en amont entraine la diminution du temps de concentration la plus importante et la diminution de la rugosité a des effets plus prononcés que la diminution de la perméabilité. En fonction de l'état de surface avant et après l'urbanisation, l'évaluation montre que le temps de concentration peut descendre jusqu'à 39 voire 4% de sa valeur originelle. Dans le cas d'une urbanisation d'aval en amont, le temps de concentration peut être jusqu'à quatre fois plus long que dans le cas d'une urbanisation d'amont en aval. Il y a en définitive une analogie remarquable entre les résultats de cette étude et ceux obtenus sur des bassins de drainage dans * Now at: Econ Piling Pte. Ltd., 2 Ang Mo Kio Street 64, Ang Mo Kio Industrial Park 3, Singapore 639798, Singapore. Open for discussion until 1 August 1998 116 Tommy S. W. Wong& Yunjie Li de précédentes études, et il apparaît que les résultats des études antérieures s'appliquent seulement au scénario d'urbanisation d'amont en aval.
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تاریخ انتشار 1998